Increasing problems with "diabolic" molecules Circulation
Perfluoerade substances that PFOS and PFOA, has in recent water purification years been identified as a problem for the water supply and environment. Knowledge of the subject group has been inadequate but intensive research has shown that these substances have properties that are clearly unsuitable for humans water purification and the environment. Perfluorinated water purification compounds are organic compounds manufactured since the 1950s. They have been used in many types of products, the most famous being foams but it is far from having been the only use.
The chemical definition of perfluorinated substances are "organic compounds in which all hydrogen atoms except those belonging to the functional groups have been replaced by fluorine atoms." Except in fire foams have been used in Teflon, waterproofing products, textiles and more.
Firstly, several of the perfluorinated substances do not degrade in nature whatsoever. water purification Carbon-fluorine bond is too strong, this comes including PFOS (perfluoroooctane sulfonic acid) and PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid). This makes subjects more persistent (lasting in the environment) than as dioxins.
Then add some of the subjects water purification at high enough doses may be hepatotoxic and / or affect reproduction and can be toxic to organisms in soil and water, it is chronically water purification toxic, that it is probably carcinogenic and can affect reproduction, so we have a very nasty group of substances.
- The commonly discussed are PFOS and PFOA. Actually water purification covers this subject water purification group a wide range of subjects water purification of which about 20 have been measured and evaluated in more detail in Sweden. Within the group there is a large variation in the material properties degradation degree and the ability to be transported in groundwater, water purification says Niklas Törneman.
When PFOS and PFOA were detected in a groundwater supply in Tullingebergsvägen, Botkyrka, 2011 was the first time the subjects were measured in drinking water in Sweden. Earlier, the topic surfaced in groundwater and surface water. water purification Later, PFOS and other perfluoerade substances found in drinking water in both Uppsala and Kallinge Ronneby municipality. In Tullingebergsvägen and Uppsala has been a matter of extremely low concentrations in drinking water but in Kallinge concentrations have been worrisome.
- It is both. If you look at their properties and how they are used, it is not surprising. water purification But it is a bit unfortunate that they appeared close to water sources. Drinking water problem perfluoerade water purification substances are well highlighted internationally, including in Germany, USA and Holland. water purification The intense research in the field. The emphasis of the research water purification is on water purification methods, toxic properties and the behavior of the environment.
- There are currently no decontamination methods to get rid of these substances, it is important for water utilities to understand. You can not clean the soil or groundwater at the site and it is not appropriate to dig away because the subjects do not disappear in landfills, but instead ends up in a different destination. There is, however, research and development to test existing methods of perfluorinated compounds in soil and groundwater and the development of new methods, says Niklas Törneman.
Remains to take substances from raw water if you got them into a water source. The most current method is activated carbon filters. The method can be expensive and the coal may saturate relatively quickly. Perfluorinated compounds are organic molecules with a degree of charge and you need to use the activated carbon of the correct type / quality of topic squad. Activated carbon works often on PFOS, but sometimes you can get change carbon more often.
Jonbytarfilter works on a part of the substances in the group. Although adsorption of polymers can provide separation but also becomes water purification rapidly saturated. Membrane filtration works if you go down to the nanometer range.
There is ongoing research and testing of multiple technologies, including Sweden. Niklas water purification Törneman mentioning among other international experiences of sonochemical treatment, water purification ie, ultrasound combined with pyrolysis. Attempts are also under way with direct photo-oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, photochemical oxidation and reduction and thermal reduction.
When Pfos and PFHxS discovered in a well field in Uppsala put interrelationships in the levels between the two substances part confuses the investigators. water purification The levels did not match the levels to use in fire fighting foams, which were believed to be the source. Niklas Törneman guess it depends just on the large spread of the features water purification found in the perfluoerade subjects. There is a strong variation water purification of both the degree of degradation and transport level. Therefore, the relationship of the inter-relationship between, for example, PFOS and PFHxS vary strongly from the source to the well where the substances detected.
The largest public source of perfluorinated substances today is sewage and sludge. There is, however, highly diluted substances at very low concentrations. The most important point source is fire drill sites. F
Perfluoerade substances that PFOS and PFOA, has in recent water purification years been identified as a problem for the water supply and environment. Knowledge of the subject group has been inadequate but intensive research has shown that these substances have properties that are clearly unsuitable for humans water purification and the environment. Perfluorinated water purification compounds are organic compounds manufactured since the 1950s. They have been used in many types of products, the most famous being foams but it is far from having been the only use.
The chemical definition of perfluorinated substances are "organic compounds in which all hydrogen atoms except those belonging to the functional groups have been replaced by fluorine atoms." Except in fire foams have been used in Teflon, waterproofing products, textiles and more.
Firstly, several of the perfluorinated substances do not degrade in nature whatsoever. water purification Carbon-fluorine bond is too strong, this comes including PFOS (perfluoroooctane sulfonic acid) and PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid). This makes subjects more persistent (lasting in the environment) than as dioxins.
Then add some of the subjects water purification at high enough doses may be hepatotoxic and / or affect reproduction and can be toxic to organisms in soil and water, it is chronically water purification toxic, that it is probably carcinogenic and can affect reproduction, so we have a very nasty group of substances.
- The commonly discussed are PFOS and PFOA. Actually water purification covers this subject water purification group a wide range of subjects water purification of which about 20 have been measured and evaluated in more detail in Sweden. Within the group there is a large variation in the material properties degradation degree and the ability to be transported in groundwater, water purification says Niklas Törneman.
When PFOS and PFOA were detected in a groundwater supply in Tullingebergsvägen, Botkyrka, 2011 was the first time the subjects were measured in drinking water in Sweden. Earlier, the topic surfaced in groundwater and surface water. water purification Later, PFOS and other perfluoerade substances found in drinking water in both Uppsala and Kallinge Ronneby municipality. In Tullingebergsvägen and Uppsala has been a matter of extremely low concentrations in drinking water but in Kallinge concentrations have been worrisome.
- It is both. If you look at their properties and how they are used, it is not surprising. water purification But it is a bit unfortunate that they appeared close to water sources. Drinking water problem perfluoerade water purification substances are well highlighted internationally, including in Germany, USA and Holland. water purification The intense research in the field. The emphasis of the research water purification is on water purification methods, toxic properties and the behavior of the environment.
- There are currently no decontamination methods to get rid of these substances, it is important for water utilities to understand. You can not clean the soil or groundwater at the site and it is not appropriate to dig away because the subjects do not disappear in landfills, but instead ends up in a different destination. There is, however, research and development to test existing methods of perfluorinated compounds in soil and groundwater and the development of new methods, says Niklas Törneman.
Remains to take substances from raw water if you got them into a water source. The most current method is activated carbon filters. The method can be expensive and the coal may saturate relatively quickly. Perfluorinated compounds are organic molecules with a degree of charge and you need to use the activated carbon of the correct type / quality of topic squad. Activated carbon works often on PFOS, but sometimes you can get change carbon more often.
Jonbytarfilter works on a part of the substances in the group. Although adsorption of polymers can provide separation but also becomes water purification rapidly saturated. Membrane filtration works if you go down to the nanometer range.
There is ongoing research and testing of multiple technologies, including Sweden. Niklas water purification Törneman mentioning among other international experiences of sonochemical treatment, water purification ie, ultrasound combined with pyrolysis. Attempts are also under way with direct photo-oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, photochemical oxidation and reduction and thermal reduction.
When Pfos and PFHxS discovered in a well field in Uppsala put interrelationships in the levels between the two substances part confuses the investigators. water purification The levels did not match the levels to use in fire fighting foams, which were believed to be the source. Niklas Törneman guess it depends just on the large spread of the features water purification found in the perfluoerade subjects. There is a strong variation water purification of both the degree of degradation and transport level. Therefore, the relationship of the inter-relationship between, for example, PFOS and PFHxS vary strongly from the source to the well where the substances detected.
The largest public source of perfluorinated substances today is sewage and sludge. There is, however, highly diluted substances at very low concentrations. The most important point source is fire drill sites. F
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